Munsell originally established 10 as the highest chroma for a vermilion pigment and related other pigments to it. The scale begins at zero for neutral colours, but has no arbitrary end. The resulting scale obtained would represent increasing chroma. Starting with the neutral grey, add small amounts of red until the vivid red colour is achieved. In an additive colour-mixing environment, imagine mixing a neutral grey and a vivid red with the same value. The intensity or saturation level of a particular hue, defined as the distance of departure of a chromatic colour from the neutral (grey) colour with the same lightness value. Because of confusion with saturation, the use of this term should be discouraged. Also called lightness, luminous reflectance or transmittance (q.v.). The dimension of colour that refers to an achromatic scale, ranging from black to white. In practice, any colour that is close to this ideal in a relative viewing situation — i.e., a colour of very low saturation and very low luminance. In theory, the complete absorption of incident light the absence of any reflection. Colours are often described by their attributes of hue, chroma (or saturation) and lightness. Attributeĭistinguishing characteristic of a sensation, perception or mode of appearance. A more specific definition of the light source is preferred. Term loosely applied to light sources, frequently equipped with filters, that try to reproduce the colour and spectral distribution of daylight. Combining two primaries at 100% produces a subtractive primary, either cyan, magenta or yellow: 100% red + 100% green = yellow 100% red + 100% blue = magenta 100% green + 100% blue = cyan See subtractive primaries AppearanceĪ visual perception through which an object is seen to have attributes such as size, shape, colour, texture, glossiness, transparency, opacity, etc. When these three are combined at varying intensities, a gamut of different colours is produced. When all three additive primaries are combined at 100% intensity, white light is produced. Achromatic colourĪ neutral colour that has no hue (white, grey or black) Additive primaries Absorb/absorptionĭissipation of the energy of electromagnetic waves into other forms (e.g., heat) as a result of its interaction with matter a decrease in directional transmittance of incident radiation, resulting in a modification or conversion of the absorbed energy. When calibrating a spectrophotometer, often a white ceramic plaque is measured and used as the absolute white reference. In practice, a solid white with known spectral reflectance data that is used as the reference white for all measurements of absolute reflectance. In theory, a material that perfectly reflects all light energy at every visible wavelength.
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